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Project 2: iPhone Scenarios

Part 1: Production Line Labor Costs
Part 2: iPhone Production and Impact

       At the Foxconn Longhua factory in Shenzhen, around 400,000 employees work an average of 60 hours a week with about 90 hours of overtime a month (1).  They get paid the equivalent of $1.60 an hour for wages and get $2.40 for every hour of overtime (2).  This results in the total labor costs of the factory to be about 3 billion dollars.

       If the factory were to move to Wisconsin, without regard for the labor laws in the state, so that the same amount of employees worked the same amount of hours and overtime, just with different wages, it would cost approximately 13.7 billion dollars if employees were payed minimum wage and 30 billion dollars if they were payed the average tech manufacturing wage (3, 4).  Labor costs for the factory would increase either four or ten times the amount it costs currently in Shenzhen.

       In Apple’s own environmental report on the iPhoneX, they look at the materials used and carbon footprint of the newest addition to the iPhone family. They report that 80% of the greenhouse gas emissions come from the production of the iPhone, while 17% comes from consumer use (8). The IPhoneX is mostly made of steel, with some glass and a battery, and a small amount of plastics. The packaging is mostly fiber made from recycled and recyclable sources, with a small amount of plastic film (8). Not only is the product’s production continually made more environmentally friendly, Apple also accepts used Apple products at their retailers so that the company can make sure the e-waste is disposed of properly (8). The report  highlights how Apple attempts to be more environmentally friendly both in the production and the disposable of their product.

       The site MarketWatch also released an environmental report on Apple’s new IPhoneX, but not one that focused on the environmental effect of the production. Instead, MarketWatch turned it attention to the environmental effect of the consumers who will buy the new IPhoneX. According to MarketPlace, millions of people buy a new iPhone when the newest model comes out, regardless of the state of their current phone (9). The worst part is that only 16% of the discarded phones are recycled properly. The rest end up in landfills, where the heavy metals and other harmful materials have a serious effect on the environment (9). MarketPlace also reports that Apple uses third-world African countries for mining the materials needed, mining that harms the environment (9).

       However, actions are being taken by Apple and consumers to help prevent such environmental problems. MarketWatch states that a major way consumers can help reduce their carbon footprint is by continuing to use their current phone until it is no longer functional, instead of tossing away a perfectly good phone for the newest model every year. Consumers can help their phone last longer by keeping the phone from overheating while it is charging (9). By reducing the number of phones we replace, we keep more phones from ending up in landfills and more harmful materials out of the ground. MarketPlace and Apple also state that the best way to reduce the amount of phones in landfills is to return a used phone to an Apple retailer instead of just chucking it into the garbage. The retailer will make sure the product is recycled properly, thus allowing more materials to make new phones and less used phones to arrive at the landfill (8).

       The total production cost of a single iPhone would rise to an extra $30-$40 since the primary source of this money would come from the suppliers and transportation expenses of the shipping parts (5). This is only assuming that all the other parts of the iPhone stays the same price, the likelihood that the iPhone cost would increase is about five percent. Even so, if Apple were to move its company completely into the US, they would most likely take advantage of using robots than people (5). In addition, the argument can be made that the components of the iPhone can be made domestically but, the materials used for the iPhone contains 75 elements from the periodic table and most cannot be found in the U.S. These materials used primarily come from China such as Neodymium, Lanthanum and Hafnium (7).

 

       Duane Boning, an electrical engineer at MIT said that “Labor costs are a tiny fraction of cost compared to the equipment and facilities that go into a multibillion-dollar fab” (5).  This statement released demonstrates how labor cost can only affect a tiny part of Apple's company and there is more to take into consideration other than how many jobs it can produce or the cost that varies from each country. In the past, Apple has decided to set up a factory in the U.S that was estimated to create 30,000 - 50,000 new jobs (5). However, this idea never became viable because they would need access to cheap land and permission from the government. Tim Cook, the CEO of Apple put out a statement that claims that the company was already responsible for two million jobs in the U.S alone (6). Again, if the production line moved to Wisconsin, it would only create fifteen percent of the jobs that Apple has already given. This is also an addition to the transportation costs of where the different components will be shipped to and from and where it will be assembled. Another inconvenience that will likely to occur is the waiting period, in a hypothetical scenario that Apple does produce their product domestically, the factories would have to wait for the supplies to be mined, shipped and finally assembled. It would put a huge time constraint on the company that annually releases a device every upcoming year. The company would not be able to put enough product out, even when the demand for the iPhone is so high. With manufacturing their products domestically, they would be wasting resources just so they are able to produce their product in the U.S.

 

       Apple has also been scrutinized about where it gets the components of their products and their suppliers. While most of Apple’s suppliers do come from the United States like the exterior front of the iPhone is made from Kentucky (6); the various chips made are made from outsource material like China or Taiwan. Apple’s supply chain come from outsources from all over the world, they are able to distribute their devices and manage their company beyond borders. That is why when these infrastructures changes push Apple to produce their products only domestically, it creates an international barrier that bounds Apple in an economical and technological stance.

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